Torts

by Twerski, Aaron D.; Henderson, James A.

ISBN13: 9780735535138

ISBN10: 0735535132

Format: Hardcover

Pub. Date: 2004-03-01

Publisher(s): Wolters Kluwer

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Summary

This concise new casebook is ideally suited for a one-semester, four-credit course. With key cases and understandable notes skillfully presented in just 800 pages, TORTS: Cases and Materials offers a refreshing, enjoyable choice for students. This new casebook is designed to facilitate student comprehension: eminently cases and informative topical notes convey the core of tort law notes challenge students to consider provocative questions about the cases 'Authors' Dialogues,' a series of informal, highly engaging in the discussions and debates between the authors raise points about the topic under discussion white modeling the skills of persuasion and critical thinking short hypotheticals throughout the book test variations on fact patterns carefully edited cases strike the fight balance between preserving the flavor of the case and overwhelming students with details

Preface

xxi

Acknowledgments

xxiii

Introduction

(6)

What This Course Is About

(1)

Some Preliminary Thoughts Regarding the Social Objectives of Tort Law

(1)

Measures of Recovery in Tort: The Rules Governing Damages

(1)

Time Limitations on the Bringing of Tort Actions

(1)

How to Read an Appellate Decision

(2)

chapter 1 Intentional Torts: Interference with Persons and Property

(50)

A. Intent

(12)

Garratt v. Dailey

(6)

Hypo 1

(1)

Authors' Dialogue #1

(1)

Ranson v. Kitner

(1)

Talmage v. Smith

(2)

Hypo 2

(2)

B. Battery

(8)

Brzoska v. Olson

(4)

Hypo 3

(1)

Fisher v. Carrousel Motor Hotel

(3)

C. Assault

(3)

Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Hill

(2)

D. False Imprisonment

(8)

Grant v. Stop-N-Go Market of Texas, Inc.

(5)

Authors' Dialogue #2

(2)

Hypo 4

(1)

E. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress

(9)

Harris v. Jones

(7)

Authors' Dialogue #3

(1)

F. Trespass to Land

(1)

Rogers v. Kent Board of County Road Commissioners

(1)

G. Trespass to Chattels and Conversion

(7)

Hypo 5

(1)

Hypo 6

(1)

CompuServe Inc. v. Cyber Promotions, Inc.

(5)

H. An Umbrella Intentional Tort

(2)

Hypo 7

(1)

Hypo 8

(2)

chapter 2 Privileges/Defenses

(52)

A. Consent

(26)

O'Brien v. Cunard Steamship Co.

(1)

Hypo 9

(1)

Hypo 10

(1)

Hackbart v. Cincinnati Bengals, Inc.

(5)

Kennedy v. Parrott

(1)

Authors' Dialogue #4

(4)

De May v. Roberts

(3)

Hypo 11

(1)

Scott v. Bradford

(5)

Hypo 12

(1)

Authors' Dialogue #5

(4)

B. Self-Defense

(6)

Courvoisier v. Raymond

(5)

Authors' Dialogue #6

(1)

Hypo 13

(1)

Hypo 14

(1)

C. Defense of Others

(1)

D. Defense of Property

(5)

Katko v. Briney

(5)

E. Recovery of Property

(1)

F. Necessity

(5)

Vincent v. Lake Erie Transp. Co.

(5)

G. Legal Authority

102

(1)

H. Disciplining Children

103

(2)

Hypo 15

104

(1)

I. An Umbrella Justification Defense

105

(4)

Sindle v. New York City Transit Authority

105

(4)

chapter 3 Negligence

109

(76)

A. Introduction

109

(1)

B. The General Standard of Care: Negligence Balancing

110

(12)

Lubitz v. Wells et al.

110

(2)

United States v. Carroll Towing Co.

112

(1)

Washington v. Louisiana Power and Light Co.

113

(7)

Hypo 16

120

(2)

Authors' Dialogue #7

122

(1)

C. The Qualities of the Reasonable Person

122

(28)

1. What the Reasonable Person Knows

124

(2)

Delair v. McAdoo

124

(1)

Hypo 17

125

(1)

Hypo 18

126

(1)

2. How the Reasonable Person Responds to Emergencies

126

(4)

Cord as v. Peerless Transportation Co.

126

(4)

Hypo 19

130

(1)

3. Does the Reasonable Person Follow Customary Practice?

130

(4)

Trimarco v. Klein

130

(1)

Authors' Dialogue #8

131

(3)

Hypo 20

134

(1)

4. The Physical and Mental Attributes of the Reasonable Person

134

(6)

Roberts v. State of Louisiana

134

(1)

Authors' Dialogue #9

134

(6)

5. To What Standard of Conduct Is a Child Held?

140

(4)

Stevens v. Veenstra

140

(3)

Hypo 21

143

(1)

Authors' Dialogue #10

144

(1)

6. The Standard of Care for Professionals

144

(6)

Boyce v. Brown

145

(4)

Hypo 22

149

(1)

D. Judicially Determined Standards of Care

150

(19)

1. Courts Utilizing Risk-Utility Balancing to Set Standards of Care

150

(3)

Helling v. Carey

151

(2)

2. Courts Utilizing Statutes to Set Standards of Care: Negligence Per Se

153

(15)

Martin v. Herzog

155

(3)

Reque v. Milwaukee & Suburban Transport Corp.

158

(2)

Stachniewicz v. Mar-Cam Corporation

160

(5)

Impson v. Structural Metals, Inc.

165

(3)

Hypo 23

168

(1)

3. Statutory Private Rights of Action: Express or Implied

168

(1)

E. Proof of Negligence: Res Ipsa Loquitur

169

(16)

Eaton v. Eaton

170

(6)

Hypo 24

176

(1)

Ybarra v. Spangard

176

(5)

Sullivan v. Crabtree

181

(4)

chapter 4 Actual Causation

185

(46)

A. But-for Causation: Did the Defendant's Negligent Conduct Cause the Plaintiff's Harm?

185

(9)

Perkins v. Texas and New Orleans Ry.

185

(3)

Ford v. Trident Fisheries Co

188

(1)

Lyons v. Midnight Sun Transportation Services, Inc.

189

(1)

Authors' Dialogue #11

190

(1)

Reynolds v. Texas Pacific Ry. Co.

191

(1)

Hypo 25

192

(2)

B. Special Problems of Proof

194

(19)

Kramer Service, Inc. v. Wilkins

195

(3)

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

198

(8)

Herskovits v. Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound

206

(1)

Authors' Dialogue #12

207

(6)

C. When Two (or More) Negligent Actors Concurrently (or Successively) Cause the Plaintiff's Harm

213

(5)

Hill v. Edmonds

213

(2)

Kingston v. Chicago & N.W Ry.

215

(2)

Hypo 26

217

(1)

Authors' Dialogue #13

218

(1)

D. When One of Several Negligent Actors Clearly Harmed the Plaintiff, but We Can't Tell Which One

218

(13)

Summers v. Tice

218

(2)

Hypo 27

220

(1)

Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories

221

(8)

Authors' Dialogue #14

229

(2)

chapter 5 Proximate Causation

231

(62)

A. Liability Limited to Reasonably Foreseeable Consequences

232

(29)

Marshall v. Nugent

232

(5)

Authors' Dialogue #15

237

(1)

McCahill v. New York Transportation. Co.

238

(3)

Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Ltd. v. Morts Dock & Engineering Co. Ltd. (Wagon Mound No. 1)

241

(6)

Authors' Dialogue #16

247

(1)

Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Ltd. v. The Miller Steamship Co. (Wagon Mound No. 2)

247

(4)

Palsgraf v. Long Island R.R.

251

(9)

Authors' Dialogue #17

260

(1)

B. Superceding Causes

261

(19)

Derdiarian v. Felix Contracting Corp.

261

(6)

Hypo 28

267

(1)

Watson v. Kentucky & Indiana Bridge & R.R.

267

(3)

Authors' Dialogue #18

270

(1)

Fuller v. Preis

271

(5)

Wagner v. International Railway

276

(4)

C. Playing the "Duty" Card

280

(13)

Hamilton v. Beretta U.S.A. Corp.

280

(8)

Authors' Dialogue #19

288

(5)

chapter 6 Nonliability for Foreseeable Consequences (Limited Duty Rules)

293

(74)

A. Limitations on the Duty to Rescue

293

(25)

Yania v. Bigan

294

(2)

Erie R. Co. v. Stewart

296

(3)

L. S. Ayres & Co. v. Hicks

299

(4)

Hypo 29

303

(1)

J.S. and M.S. v. R.T.H.

303

(5)

Hypo 30

308

(1)

Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California

309

(7)

Authors' Dialogue #20

316

(2)

Hypo 31

318

(1)

B. Limitations on Recovery for Pure Economic Loss

318

(18)

State of Louisiana, Ex Rel. Guste v. M/V Testbank

318

(9)

Hypo 32

327

(1)

Hypo 33

327

(1)

Hypo 34

327

(2)

People Express Airlines, Inc. v. Consolidated Rail Corp.

329

(5)

Authors' Dialogue #21

334

(2)

C. Limitations on Recovery for Emotional Distress

336

(16)

Daley v. LaCroix

338

(4)

Thing v. La Chusa

342

(10)

Authors' Dialogue #22

352

(1)

D. Harm to Unborn Children

352

(15)

Werling v. Sandy

353

(5)

Procanik by Procanik v. Cillo

358

(7)

Authors' Dialogue #23

365

(2)

chapter 7 Owners and Occupiers of Land

367

(38)

A. Duties Owed to Entrants on the Land

368

(17)

1. Duties Owed to Trespassers

368

(1)

2. Duties Owed to Licensees

368

(1)

3. Duties Owed to Invitees

369

(4)

Gladon v. Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority

369

(4)

Hypo 35

373

(1)

Hypo 36

373

(1)

4. Rejection of the Categories

373

(7)

Rowland v. Christian

374

(6)

5. Sticking to Tradition

380

(5)

Carter v. Kinney

380

(4)

Authors' Dialogue #24

384

(1)

B. Special Rules Limiting Liability

385

(3)

1. The Firefighter's Rule

385

(2)

2. Recreational Use Statutes

387

(1)

C. Duties Owed to Those Outside the Premises

388

(3)

Taylor v. Olsen

389

(2)

D. Duties Owed by Lessors

391

(5)

Sargent v. Ross

392

(4)

E. Premises Liability: Securing Against Crime

396

(9)

Posecai v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.

396

(9)

chapter 8 Affirmative Defenses

405

(58)

A. Defenses Based on Plaintiff's Conduct

405

(38)

1. Contributory Negligence

405

(3)

Butterfield v. Forrester

405

(3)

2. Comparative Negligence

408

(13)

McIntyre v. Balentine

408

(6)

Hypo 37

414

(3)

Alami v. Volkswagen of America, Inc.

417

(4)

3. Assumption of Risk

421

(16)

Jorst v. D'Ambrosio Bros. Investment Co.

422

(6)

Blackburn v. Dorta

428

(3)

Turcotte v. Fell

431

(1)

Authors' Dialogue #25

432

(5)

4. Avoidable Consequences

437

(6)

Authors' Dialogue #26

438

(4000)

Bryant v. Calantone

4438

B. Non-Conduct-Based Defenses

443

(20)

1. Immunities

443

(16)

Tippett v. United States

446

(6)

Riss v. City of New York

452

(7)

Hypo 38

459

(1)

2. Statutes of Limitation

459

(3)

3. Statutes of Repose

462

(1)

chapter 9 Joint Tortfeasors

463

(24)

A. Concerted Action

463

(3)

Herman v. Wesgate

463

(3)

B. Liability by Operation of Law

466

(1)

C. Indivisible Injury

466

(10)

American Motorcycle Assn. v. Superior Court of Los Angeles County

466

(6)

Authors' Dialogue #27

472

(4)

D. Satisfaction of a Judgment and the Aftermath: Contribution and Indemnity

476

(2)

E. Settlement and Release

478

(2)

F. Where the Issue of Divisibility of Damages Is Unclear

480

(7)

Michie v. Great Lakes Steel Division, National Steel Corp.

481

(3)

Dillon v. Twin State Gas & Electric Co.

484

(3)

chapter 10 Strict Liability

487

(26)

A. Possession of Animals

488

(5)

Sandy v. Bushey

490

(2)

Hypo 39

492

(1)

B. Abnormally Dangerous Activities

493

(20)

Fletcher v. Rylands

493

(3)

Rylands v. Fletcher

496

(1)

Turner v. Big Lake Oil Co.

497

(3)

Hypo 40

500

(1)

Indiana Harbor Belt R.R. v. American Cyanamid Co.

500

(7)

Foster v. Preston Mill Co.

507

(1)

Authors' Dialogue #28

508

(5)

chapter 11 Products Liability

513

(68)

A. In the Beginning There Was Privity: The Negligence Action

513

(2)

B. The Implied Warranty of Merchantability: The Contract Action

515

(1)

C. Strict Liability: Combining Contract and Tort

515

(3)

D. The Hard Work: Defining and Proving Defect

518

(46)

1. Manufacturing Defects

519

(3)

Welge v. Planters Lifesavers Co.

519

(3)

2. Design Defect

522

(34)

Prentis v. Yale Manufacturing Co.

524

(6)

Vautour v. Body Masters Sports Industries, Inc.

530

(5)

Potter v. Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.

535

(6)

Hypo 41

541

(1)

Authors' Dialogue #29

542

(1)

Soule v. General Motors Corp.

542

(7)

O'Brien v. Muskin Corp.

549

(7)

3. Failure to Warn

556

(8)

Anderson v. Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp.

556

(6)

Authors' Dialogue #30

562

(1)

Hypo 42

563

(1)

E. Proximate Cause

564

(4)

Union Pump Co. V. Allbritton

564

(4)

F. Comparative Fault

568

(6)

Murray v. Fairbanks Morse

568

(6)

Authors' Dialogue #31

574

(1)

G. Express Warranty and Misrepresentation

574

(7)

Baxter v. Ford Motor Co.

575

(6)

chapter 12 Trespass to Land and Nuisance

581

(28)

A. An Introduction to the Basics

581

(1)

B. Trespass in Shades of Gray

582

(5)

Bradley v. American Smelting and Refining Co.

582

(5)

C. Private Nuisance

587

(10)

Hughes v. Emerald Mines Corp.

587

(4)

Carpenter v. The Double R Cattle Co., Inc.

591

(6)

D. Public Nuisance

597

(1)

E. The Coase Theorem: Understanding Nuisance Through the Prism of Economics

598

(2)

F. Remedies

600

(9)

Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co., Inc.

600

(6)

Authors' Dialogue #32

606

(3)

chapter 13 Damages

609

(64)

A. Compensatory Damages

609

(42)

1. Damages for Personal Injury

610

(29)

Anderson v. Sears, Roebuck and Co.

610

(3)

Richardson v. Chapman

613

(7)

McDougald v. Garber

620

(9)

Coyne v. Campbell

629

(6)

Zimmerman v. Ausland

635

(4)

2. Harm to Property

639

(3)

3. Wrongful Death and Survival

642

(9)

Norfolk Shipbuilding & Drydock Corp. v. Garris

642

(4)

Murphy v. Martin Oil Co.

646

(5)

B. Punitive Damages

651

(22)

Owens-Illinois, Inc. v. Zenobia

654

(5)

BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore

659

(8)

Price v. Hartford Accident and Indemnity Co.

667

(6)

chapter 14 Compensation Systems as Alternatives to Tort

673

(48)

A. Workers' Compensation

675

(10)

Anderson v. Save-A-Lot, Ltd.

678

(7)

B. Automobile No-Fault Insurance Plans

685

(10)

McKenzie v. Auto Club Insurance Assn.

686

(9)

C. Other Forms of No-Fault Compensation

695

(17)

1. Replacing the Tort System Entirely: The New Zealand Experience

695

(10)

Richard S. Miller, An Analysis and Critique of the 1992 Changes to New Zealand's Accident Compensation Scheme

697

(2)

Rt. Hon. Sir Geoffrey Palmer, New Zealand's Accident Compensation Scheme: Twenty Years On

699

(3)

Bryce Wilkinson, New Zealand's Failed Experiment with State Monopoly Accident Insurance

702

(3)

2. Federal No-Fault Compensation Programs in the U.S.

705

(2)

3. No-Fault Compensation for Medical Accidents

707

(5)

James A. Henderson, Jr., The Boundary Problems of Enterprise Liability

707

(5)

D. The September 11th Victim Compensation Fund

712

(9)

David W. Chen, Family of 9/11 Victim Accepts $1.04 Million in the First U.S. Payout

718

(3)

chapter 15 Defamation

721

(70)

A. Introduction

721

(1)

B. What Is Defamatory?

722

(3)

Grant v. Reader's Digest Assn.

722

(3)

C. The Form of Communication-Libel and Slander

725

(1)

D. Fact or Opinion

726

(6)

Janklow v. Newsweek, Inc.

726

(6)

E. Communicating the Defamation to Others-Publication

732

(7)

Van-Go Transport Co., Inc. v. New York City Board of Education

732

(7)

F. Did the Arrow Hit the Target? Of and Concerning the Plaintiff

739

(4)

Neiman-Marcus v. Lait

739

(4)

G. The Constitution and the Law of Defamation

743

(39)

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan

743

(12)

Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.

755

(9)

Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc.

764

(7)

Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. v. Hepps

771

(3)

Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co.

774

(8)

H. Privileges After the Constitutional Takeover

782

(9)

1. Qualified Privileges at Common Law?

783

(4)

Erickson v. Marsh & McLennan Co., Inc.

783

(4)

2. Absolute Privileges at Common Law

787

(5)

Authors' Dialogue #33

788

(3)

chapter 16 Privacy

791

(34)

A. Appropriation of the Plaintiff's Likeness for the Defendant's Advantage

792

(14)

Carson v. Here's Johnny Portable Toilets, Inc.

794

(8)

Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.

802

(4)

B. Public Disclosure of Embarrassing Private Facts About Plaintiff

806

(8)

Sidis v. F-R Pub. Corp.

806

(3)

Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn

809

(5)

C. Placing the Plaintiff in a False Light

814

(5)

Time, Inc. v. Hill

814

(5)

D. Intrusion Upon the Plaintiff's Solitude

819

(6)

Nader v. General Motors Corporation

819

(3)

Authors' Dialogue #34

822

(3)

Table of Cases

825

(12)

Table of Statutes

837

(6)

Index

843

Torts

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