PART I INTRODUCTION: SOCIAL WELFARE AND SOCIAL WORK |
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1 | (124) |
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CHAPTER 1 Social Welfare: Its Business, History, and Future |
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3 | (41) |
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4 | (1) |
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Social Welfare as an Institution and as a Discipline |
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5 | (1) |
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Social Welfare's Relationship to Sociology and to Other Academic Disciplines |
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6 | (1) |
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Social Welfare's Relationship to Social Work |
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7 | (3) |
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Social Welfare's Relationship to Other Institutions |
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10 | (1) |
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Social Welfare's Relationship to Human Services |
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10 | (1) |
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Residual View versus Institutional View of Social Welfare |
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11 | (1) |
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Liberalism versus Conservatism |
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12 | (2) |
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Developmental View of Social Welfare |
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14 | (2) |
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History of Social Welfare |
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16 | (9) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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The Industrial Revolution |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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The Great Depression and the Social Security Act |
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18 | (2) |
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The Great Society and War on Poverty |
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20 | (2) |
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Conservatism in the 1970s and 1980s |
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22 | (1) |
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A Move Toward Liberalism--and Back--in the 1990s |
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23 | (1) |
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The Devolution Revolution |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Dramatic Changes Foreseen in the American Family |
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26 | (15) |
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26 | (8) |
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34 | (6) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (2) |
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CHAPTER 2 Social Work as a Profession and a Career |
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44 | (25) |
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A Brief History of Social Work |
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45 | (3) |
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A Multiskilled Profession |
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48 | (1) |
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A Problem-Solving Approach |
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48 | (1) |
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Generalist Social Work Practice |
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49 | (1) |
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Micro-, Mezzo-, and Macropractice |
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49 | (6) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (4) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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A Medical versus a Systems Model of Human Behavior |
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55 | (1) |
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An Ecological Model of Human Behavior |
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56 | (2) |
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Goals of Social Work Practice |
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58 | (2) |
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Goal 1: Enhance the Problem-Solving, Coping, and Developmental Capacities of People |
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58 | (1) |
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Goal 2: Link People with Systems That Provide Them with Resources, Services, and Opportunities |
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58 | (1) |
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Goal 3: Promote the Effectiveness and Humane Operation of Systems That Provide People with Resources and Services |
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58 | (1) |
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Goal 4: Develop and Improve Social Policy |
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58 | (1) |
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Goal 5: Empower Groups at Risk and Promote Social and Economic Justice |
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59 | (1) |
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Goal 6: Develop and Test Professional Knowledge and Skills in Social Work |
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59 | (1) |
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The Strenghts Perspective |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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Employment Settings and Opportunities in Social Work |
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61 | (2) |
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Private Practice of Social Work |
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63 | (1) |
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International Social Work |
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63 | (1) |
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Self-Awareness and Identity Development |
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64 | (3) |
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64 | (2) |
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Questions for Arriving at a Sense of Identity |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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CHAPTER 3 Generalist Social Work Practice |
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69 | (56) |
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Generalist Social Work Practice Defined |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (3) |
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71 | (1) |
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Phase 2: Collecting and Assessing Data |
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72 | (1) |
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Phase 3: Planning and Contracting |
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72 | (1) |
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Phase 4: Identifying Alternative Interventions |
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72 | (1) |
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Phase 5: Selecting and Implementing Appropriate Courses of Action |
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73 | (1) |
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Phase 6: Using Appropriate Research to Monitor and Evaluate Outcomes |
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73 | (1) |
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Phase 7: Applying Appropriate Research-Based Knowledge and Technological Advances |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (2) |
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Social Work with Individuals |
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76 | (1) |
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Social Work with Families |
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77 | (3) |
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77 | (1) |
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Satir's Family Therapy Approach |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (9) |
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Social Work with Organizations |
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89 | (5) |
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Social Work with the Community |
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94 | (6) |
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A Brief History of Community Practice |
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95 | (1) |
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Models of Community Practice |
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95 | (5) |
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Knowledge, Skills, and Values for Social Work Practice |
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100 | (18) |
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100 | (4) |
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104 | (3) |
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107 | (11) |
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118 | (3) |
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Two-Year Associate Programs |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (3) |
PART II SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND SOCIAL SERVICES |
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125 | (493) |
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CHAPTER 4 Poverty and Public Welfare |
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127 | (33) |
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128 | (1) |
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A Brief History of Our Response to the Poor |
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128 | (4) |
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132 | (1) |
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Defining Poverty Is a Policy Problem |
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133 | (3) |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (1) |
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Social Insurance Programs |
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141 | (1) |
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Old Age, Survivors, Disability, and Health Insurance (OASDHI) |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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Workers' Compensation Insurance |
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142 | (1) |
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Public Assistance Programs |
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142 | (10) |
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Supplemental Security Income (SSI) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) |
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145 | (3) |
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Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act |
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148 | (4) |
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Proposed Welfare Alternatives |
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152 | (2) |
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152 | (1) |
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Guarantee a Basic Annual Income |
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152 | (1) |
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Eliminate or Reduce the Causes of Poverty |
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153 | (1) |
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Social Work and Public Welfare |
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154 | (3) |
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Working with Discouraged People |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (2) |
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CHAPTER 5 Emotional/Behavioral Problems and Counseling |
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160 | (38) |
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A Perspective on Emotional and Behavioral Problems |
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161 | (3) |
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Nature and Extent of Emotional and Behavioral Problems |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (8) |
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164 | (3) |
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167 | (5) |
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Labeling as the Cause of Chronic "Mental Illness" |
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172 | (2) |
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174 | (5) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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Plea of Innocent by Reason of Insanity |
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176 | (1) |
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Use of Psychotropic Drugs |
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177 | (1) |
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Managed Mental Health Care |
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177 | (2) |
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Social Structure and Mental Illness |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (2) |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (1) |
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Treatment Facilities: Community Mental Health Centers |
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182 | (1) |
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Social Work and Mental Health |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (12) |
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185 | (4) |
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Comprehensive and Specialized Counseling Approaches |
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189 | (7) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (2) |
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CHAPTER 6 Family Problems and Services to Families |
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198 | (38) |
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199 | (1) |
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The American Family: Past and Present |
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200 | (3) |
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The Family in Preindustrial Society |
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200 | (1) |
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The Family in Industrial Society |
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201 | (2) |
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203 | (29) |
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203 | (6) |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (15) |
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Births Outside of Marriage |
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226 | (6) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (3) |
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CHAPTER 7 Sexual Orientation, Sex Variances, and Sex Counseling |
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236 | (33) |
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Sex in History and in Other Cultures |
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237 | (4) |
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241 | (2) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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William Masters and Virginia Johnson |
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243 | (1) |
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Variances Rather Than Sexual Problems |
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243 | (1) |
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Types of Sexual Variances |
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244 | (19) |
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244 | (1) |
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Structural Sex Variance: Homosexuality |
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245 | (8) |
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253 | (10) |
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263 | (1) |
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Sex Counseling and Sex Therapy |
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263 | (3) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (2) |
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CHAPTER 8 Drug Abuse and Drug Treatment Programs |
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269 | (41) |
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270 | (1) |
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A Brief History of Our Drug-Taking Society |
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271 | (1) |
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Sociological Theories of Drug Abuse |
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272 | (2) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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Facts About and Effects of Commonly Used Drugs |
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275 | (20) |
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275 | (11) |
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286 | (3) |
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289 | (3) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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295 | (7) |
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Alcohol Treatment Programs |
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295 | (5) |
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Other Drug Treatment Programs |
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300 | (2) |
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Understanding and Treating Codependency |
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302 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Curbing Drug Abuse in the Future |
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302 | (5) |
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303 | (1) |
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Prevention of Illegal Drug Trafficking Across Borders |
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304 | (1) |
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Employee Drug-Testing Programs |
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304 | (1) |
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Stricter Laws and Enforcement |
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305 | (1) |
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Decriminalization of Drug Use |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (2) |
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CHAPTER 9 Crime, Juvenile Delinquency, and Correctional Services |
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310 | (46) |
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Nature and Extent of Crime |
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311 | (4) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (2) |
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313 | (1) |
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How Accurate Are Official Crime Statistics? |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (8) |
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316 | (1) |
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Physical and Mental Trait Theories |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (2) |
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319 | (4) |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (10) |
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323 | (2) |
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325 | (3) |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (2) |
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332 | (1) |
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The Criminal Justice System |
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333 | (9) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (2) |
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337 | (5) |
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How to Reduce Crime and Delinquency |
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342 | (5) |
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Increasing or Decreasing Sentences |
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342 | (3) |
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Reforming the Correctional System |
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345 | (2) |
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347 | (1) |
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Social Work and the Criminal Justice System |
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347 | (6) |
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347 | (2) |
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Factors Influencing Treatment |
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349 | (4) |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (2) |
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CHAPTER 10 Problems in Education and School Social Work |
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356 | (29) |
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Problematic Areas in Education |
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357 | (7) |
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357 | (2) |
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Equal Access to Quality Education |
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359 | (3) |
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Confusion About the Goals of Education |
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362 | (1) |
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Intolerable Working Conditions for Some Teachers |
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363 | (1) |
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Strategies to Improve Education |
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364 | (5) |
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Increase Incentives for Teachers |
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365 | (1) |
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365 | (3) |
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Allow Parental Choice of Schools |
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368 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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Toward Equal Educational Opportunity |
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369 | (3) |
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Reform of School Financing |
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369 | (1) |
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370 | (1) |
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371 | (1) |
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School Social Workers: A Response to Crisis |
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372 | (10) |
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372 | (1) |
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Traditional School Social Work Roles |
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373 | (3) |
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376 | (6) |
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382 | (1) |
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383 | (2) |
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CHAPTER 11 Work-Related Problems and Social Work in the Workplace |
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385 | (29) |
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386 | (1) |
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Trends in the American Work Force |
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387 | (5) |
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Increase in White-Collar Workers |
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388 | (1) |
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Emergence of an Employee Society |
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388 | (1) |
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388 | (2) |
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Changes in the Sex and Age of the Labor Force |
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390 | (1) |
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Emphasis on Intrinsic Rewards |
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390 | (1) |
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Emphasis on High Technology |
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390 | (1) |
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The Growth of Low-Paying Jobs |
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391 | (1) |
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Outsourcing in a Global Factory |
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391 | (1) |
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Problems in the Work Setting |
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392 | (14) |
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392 | (6) |
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398 | (6) |
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Occupational Health Hazards |
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404 | (2) |
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Social Work in the Workplace |
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406 | (5) |
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407 | (1) |
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The Present Status of Social Work in the Workplace |
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408 | (1) |
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Employee Assistance Programs |
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409 | (2) |
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411 | (1) |
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412 | (2) |
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CHAPTER 12 Racism, Ethnocentrism, and Strategies for Advancing Social and Economic Justice |
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414 | (38) |
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Ethnic Groups and Ethnocentrism |
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415 | (1) |
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415 | (1) |
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Prejudice, Discrimination, and Oppression |
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416 | (7) |
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Racial and Ethnic Stereotypes |
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417 | (1) |
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Racial and Ethnic Discrimination |
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418 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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Institutional Racism and Institutional Discrimination |
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419 | (2) |
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Causes of Racial Discrimination and Oppression |
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421 | (2) |
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The Effects and Costs of Discrimination and Oppression |
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423 | (1) |
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Background of Racial Groups |
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424 | (11) |
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425 | (4) |
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429 | (3) |
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432 | (2) |
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434 | (1) |
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Strategies for Advancing Social and Economic Justice |
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435 | (7) |
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435 | (1) |
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Greater Interaction Among the Races |
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435 | (1) |
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436 | (1) |
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436 | (1) |
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436 | (2) |
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Affirmative Action Programs |
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438 | (2) |
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Confrontation of Racist and Ethnic Remarks and Actions |
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440 | (1) |
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Minority-Owned Businesses |
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440 | (1) |
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Confrontation of the Problems in Inner Cities |
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440 | (2) |
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442 | (1) |
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Ethnic-Sensitive Social Work Practice |
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442 | (5) |
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444 | (1) |
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445 | (2) |
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The Future of American Race and Ethnic Relations |
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447 | (1) |
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448 | (1) |
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449 | (3) |
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CHAPTER 13 Sexism and Efforts for Achieving Equality |
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452 | (33) |
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History of Sex Roles and Sexism |
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453 | (5) |
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458 | (2) |
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Traditional Sex-Role Expectations |
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460 | (1) |
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Is There a Biological Basis for Sexism? |
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461 | (1) |
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462 | (3) |
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465 | (5) |
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Effects on Occupation and Income |
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466 | (1) |
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Effects on Human Interactions |
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467 | (3) |
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Recent Developments and a Look to the Future |
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470 | (2) |
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472 | (8) |
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Social Work's Response to Women's Issues |
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473 | (1) |
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The Feminist Perspective on Therapy |
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474 | (6) |
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Future Directions of the Women's Movement |
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480 | (2) |
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482 | (1) |
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482 | (3) |
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CHAPTER 14 Aging and Gerontological Services |
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485 | (34) |
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486 | (1) |
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A "Recently Discovered" Minority Group |
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486 | (2) |
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Definitions of Later Adulthood |
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488 | (3) |
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An Increasing Elderly Population |
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490 | (1) |
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The "Old Old"--The Fastest-Growing Age Group |
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490 | (1) |
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Problems Faced by the Elderly |
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491 | (18) |
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491 | (4) |
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495 | (2) |
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Societal Emphasis on Youth |
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497 | (1) |
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Health Problems and Costs of Health Care |
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498 | (1) |
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498 | (1) |
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Loss of Family and Friends |
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499 | (3) |
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502 | (1) |
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503 | (1) |
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503 | (1) |
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Sexuality in Later Adulthood |
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503 | (1) |
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504 | (1) |
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Depression and Other Emotional Problems |
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504 | (1) |
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505 | (3) |
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508 | (1) |
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509 | (3) |
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Older Americans Act of 1965 |
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510 | (1) |
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510 | (2) |
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Social Work and the Elderly |
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512 | (1) |
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The Emergence of the Elderly as a Powerful Political Force |
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513 | (1) |
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Development of Social Roles for the Elderly |
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514 | (1) |
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Preparation for Later Adulthood |
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515 | (1) |
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516 | (1) |
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517 | (2) |
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CHAPTER 15 Health Problems and Medical Social Services |
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519 | (34) |
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Physical Illnesses and the Health-Care System |
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520 | (1) |
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521 | (16) |
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Service Orientation versus Profit Orientation |
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521 | (1) |
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Emphasis on Treatment Rather Than on Prevention |
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522 | (4) |
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Unequal Access to Health Services |
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526 | (1) |
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Low-Quality Health Care for the Elderly |
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526 | (2) |
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528 | (6) |
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Unnecessary or Harmful Care |
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534 | (1) |
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Controversy over the Use of Life-Sustaining Equipment |
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535 | (1) |
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The High Cost of Medical Care |
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536 | (1) |
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537 | (2) |
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537 | (1) |
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538 | (1) |
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538 | (1) |
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Improving the Current System |
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539 | (4) |
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539 | (1) |
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Preventative Medicine and Managed Care |
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539 | (2) |
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Additional Health-Care Proposals |
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541 | (1) |
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Establishing a National Health Insurance Program in the United States |
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541 | (2) |
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543 | (4) |
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Counseling the Terminally Ill |
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547 | (3) |
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550 | (1) |
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551 | (2) |
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CHAPTER 16 Physical and Mental Disabilities and Rehabilitation |
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553 | (27) |
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History of Rehabilitation Practices |
|
|
554 | (3) |
|
Developmental Disabilities |
|
|
557 | (5) |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
|
558 | (4) |
|
Society's Reactions to Disabilities |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
|
563 | (3) |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
Federal and State Assistance Programs |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
|
566 | (5) |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Serving as Liaison Between the Family and the Agency |
|
|
567 | (4) |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
Reactions to Having a Disability |
|
|
571 | (6) |
|
|
571 | (5) |
|
Facilitating the Grieving Process |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
578 | (2) |
|
CHAPTER 17 Overpopulation, Misuse of the Environment, and Family Planning |
|
|
580 | (38) |
|
|
581 | (12) |
|
Doubling Time and Population Growth |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
Doubling Time and Developing Countries |
|
|
581 | (2) |
|
An Optimal Population Size |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
Problems of Overpopulation |
|
|
584 | (5) |
|
The Theory of Demographic Transition |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
Problem Attitudes and Values |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
Two Countries with Severe Population Problems |
|
|
590 | (3) |
|
|
593 | (7) |
|
|
593 | (2) |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
|
595 | (2) |
|
Radioactive Leaks from Nuclear Power Plants |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
|
597 | (2) |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
|
600 | (11) |
|
Confronting Overpopulation |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
|
602 | (4) |
|
Providing Family Planning Services |
|
|
606 | (3) |
|
Confronting Environmental Problems |
|
|
609 | (2) |
|
Social Work and Family Planning |
|
|
611 | (3) |
|
Your Future in Combating Human Problems |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
|
614 | (2) |
|
|
616 | (2) |
APPENDIX Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers |
|
618 | (17) |
Photo Credits |
|
635 | (1) |
Index |
|
636 | |