Creating Outdoor Classrooms : Schoolyard Habitats and Gardens for the Southwest

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Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2008-07-15
Publisher(s): Univ of Texas Pr
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Summary

Schoolyards have come a long way from the barren playgrounds that many people remember. Today's school campuses often feature gardens in which students can learn about native plants and wildlife, grow vegetables and fruit, explore cultural traditions, practice reading and math skills, and use their imaginations to create fun play spaces. And for a growing number of urban students, these schoolyard gardens offer the best, if not the only, opportunity to experience the natural world firsthand and enjoy its many benefits. This book is a practical, hands-on guide for creating a variety of learning environments in the arid Southwest. Filled with clear, easy-to-use information and illustrated with photographs, drawings, and plans, the book covers everything necessary to create schoolyard gardens:bull; An introduction to schoolyards as outdoor classrooms and several types of habitats, including art gardens, cultural history gardens, ecological gardens, literacy gardens, and vegetable gardensbull; Design theory, including a history of garden styles, and design principles and design elementsbull; Beginning the design process, including identifying participants and writing a design program that sets out goals and requirementsbull; Conducting site research and synthesizing design elements to arrive at a final designbull; Design essentials, including project funding and design features, maintenance, accessibility, safety, and project evaluation and revisionbull; Wildlife ecology, including elements needed for survival such as food and shelterbull; Creating gardens for pollinators and other wildlife, including hummingbirds, butterflies, bees, moths, bats, and flies, as well as pest controlbull; Lists of native plants for various kinds of habitats and nurseries that sell native plants, as well as books, web sites, and other resources for learning more about native plants and wildlifeThis guide will be essential for landscape architects, school personnel, parents, and students. Indeed, its principles can be used in designing schoolyard habitats across the country, while its information on gardening with native plants and wildlife will be useful to homeowners across the Southwest.

Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
About This Book
Making Outdoor Classrooms a Reality
The Need for Wildlife Habitat and Native Gardens
Bioregions of the Arid Southwest
Schoolyards
The Schoolyard as an Outdoor Classroom
Overview of Schoolyard Environments Introduction History of Playground Design with Applications for Contemporary Playground Design Nature and Play Adult Memories of Valued Play Places Implications for Design
Learning and the Natural Outdoor Classroom
Schoolyard Garden Types Art Gardens Cultural History Gardens Ecological Gardens Literacy Gardens Vegetable Gardens
Design Theory
Introduction
History of Garden Styles Prehistoric "Gardens" (20,000-3300 BC)
Ancient Egyptian Gardens (3300-500 BC)
Ancient Mesopotamian (3500-538 BC)
Sumerian (3500-900 BC)
Assyrian (900-625 BC), and Neo-Babylonian (611-538 BC)
Gardens Ancient Persian Gardens (539-331 BC)
Ancient Greek Gardens (700-136 BC)
Ancient Roman Gardens (510 BC- AD 476)
Ancient Chinese Gardens (1600 BC- AD 1279)
Japanese Gardens (AD 575-1600)
Medieval European Gardens (AD 476-1350)
Islamic (Moorish) Gardens, Spain (AD 700s-1400s)
Italian Renaissance Gardens (AD 1350-1765)
French Grand-Style Gardens (AD 1495-1750
English Romantic Gardens (AD 1715-1840)
Spanish Colonial Gardens (AD 1492-mid-1700s)
Colonial and Early American Gardens (AD 1630-1840)
American Romantic Gardens (AD 1830-1930)
Victorian Gardens (AD 1820-1900)
Classical Beaux-Arts Gardens (AD 1893-1930)
Modern Gardens (AD 1930-late 1970s)
Postmodern and Contemporary Gardens (AD mid-1970s-present)
Design Fundamentals Design Principles Design Elements
Beginning the Design Process
Introduction
A Design Process for Planning Outdoor Classrooms, Wildlife Habitats, and Gardens Identify Participants Write a Design Program
Conclusion
Site Research and Design Synthesis
Review and Evaluate Previous StepsSite Research Site Selection Site Inventory Site AnalysisDesign Synthesis
conceptual Design Zones, Spaces, Design Features, and Spatial Sequencing Circulation Patterns Testing Design Concepts
Preliminary Design
Final Design
Design Essentials
Introduction
Project Funding Grants and Cash Donations In-kind Donations Organization of the Fund-raising Process
Design Features Earthworks Ponds Plants Shade Structures Storage Areas Pathways Seating Walls Signs
Maintenance Weeding Fertilization Pruning Bird Feeders and Bird Baths
Accessibility Requirements
Safety
Project Evaluation and Revision
Outdoor Classroom and Schoolyard Habitat Assessment Criteria
Ecological Principles and Wildlife
Introduction to Wildlife Ecology
Elements for Survival Food Resources Water Availability Providing Shelter Space to Survive
Pollinator Gardens and Wild Visitors Introduction Hummingbird Gardens Butterfly Gardens Bee Gardens Moth Gardens Bat Gardens Fly Gardens Wildlife Gardens
Completing the Web Pest Control Decomposition Unwanted VisitorsSeeds for Thought
Words of Inspiration
Appendix: Regional Plant Tables
References and Additional Reading
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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