| Section One: Introduction to Constitutional Law |
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Why is the Constitution So Important? |
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Foundations of the Term ``Constitution'' |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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The Constitution as a Paradigm |
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4 | (3) |
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A Brief History of the U.S. Constitution |
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The Idea of a Constitution |
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7 | (3) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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Americans and the Revolution |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (3) |
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The Articles of Confederation |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (2) |
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The Philadelphia Convention |
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17 | (6) |
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Preparing for the Convention |
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17 | (1) |
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The Beginning of the Convention |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (3) |
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The Campaign for Ratification |
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23 | (2) |
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Adding the First Amendments |
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25 | (4) |
| Section Two: Article III --- The Judiciary |
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Organization of the Courts |
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Creating the Federal System |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (3) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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Courts of Specialized Jurisdiction |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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Characteristics and Attributes of Judicial Power |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (3) |
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Getting into Federal Court |
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38 | (1) |
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Choosing between State and Federal Court |
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39 | (2) |
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41 | (1) |
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Sanctions Other Than Contempt |
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41 | (1) |
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Power to Issue Writs: The Act of 1789 |
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42 | (1) |
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Habeas Corpus: Congressional and Judicial Control |
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42 | (1) |
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Habeas Corpus: The Process of the Writ |
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43 | (2) |
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The Establishment of Judicial Review |
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45 | (2) |
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46 | (1) |
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Judicial Review and National Supremacy |
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47 | (1) |
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Limitations on the Exercise of Judicial Review |
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47 | (8) |
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Constitutional Interpretation |
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47 | (2) |
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The Doctrine of ``Strict Necessity'' |
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49 | (1) |
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Presumption of Constitutionality |
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49 | (1) |
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Stare Decisis in Constitutional Law |
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50 | (5) |
| Section Three: First Amendment---Religion and Expression |
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55 | (2) |
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Early Work by the Founders |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Early Challenges to the Amendment |
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57 | (1) |
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``Establishment of Religion'' |
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57 | (5) |
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Financial Assistance to Church-Related Institutions |
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58 | (2) |
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Government Encouragement of Religion in Public Schools |
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60 | (2) |
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Development of Other Legal Standards |
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62 | (2) |
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Government Neutrality in Religious Disputes |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (3) |
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Free Exercise of Religion |
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69 | (8) |
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The Belief-Conduct Distinction |
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70 | (1) |
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Government Restrictions on Conduct |
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71 | (6) |
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Freedom of Expression: Speech and Press |
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77 | (4) |
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Adoption and the Common Law Background |
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77 | (3) |
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Is There a Difference between Speech and Press? |
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80 | (1) |
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The Doctrine of Prior Restraint |
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81 | (1) |
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Injunctions and the Press in Fair Trial Cases |
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82 | (1) |
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Obscenity and Prior Restraint |
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83 | (1) |
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Subsequent Punishment: ``Clear and Present Danger'' and Other Tests |
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83 | (10) |
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``Clear and Present Danger'' |
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84 | (2) |
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The Adoption of ``Clear and Present Danger'' |
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86 | (1) |
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``Clear and Present Danger'' Revised: The Dennis Case |
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87 | (1) |
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Balancing the Speech and the Restriction |
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88 | (1) |
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Other Tests and Standards |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (3) |
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Rights of Assembly and Petition |
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Background and Development |
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93 | (6) |
| Section Four: Fourth Amendment---Search and Seizure |
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The History and Application of the Fourth Amendment |
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99 | (2) |
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Application of the Amendment |
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101 | (8) |
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101 | (2) |
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Who is Protected under the Amendment? |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (6) |
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Arrests and Other Detentions |
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109 | (1) |
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Detention Short of Arrest: Stop-and-Frisk |
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110 | (5) |
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Searches and Seizures Pursuant to Warrant |
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115 | (1) |
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Issuance by Neutral Magistrate |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (1) |
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First Amendment Bearing on Probable Cause and Particularity |
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118 | (2) |
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Property Subject to Seizure |
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120 | (3) |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (1) |
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Third Parties on the Premises |
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125 | (2) |
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Warrantless Searches and Exceptions to the Warrant Requirements |
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127 | (1) |
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Search Incident to Arrest |
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127 | (3) |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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Prisons and Regulation of Probation |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (4) |
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Electronic Surveillance under the Fourth Amendment |
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Development of the Early Standard |
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143 | (2) |
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Evolution to a Modern Standard of Judicial Scrutiny |
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145 | (1) |
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Warrantless ``National Security'' Electronic Surveillance |
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146 | (3) |
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Enforcing the Fourth Amendment |
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149 | (1) |
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The Foundations of the Exclusionary Rule |
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150 | (1) |
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Narrowing Application of the Exclusionary Rule |
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151 | (1) |
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Alternatives to the Exclusionary Rule |
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152 | (5) |
| Section Five: Fifth Amendment---Rights of Persons |
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157 | (3) |
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Indictment and Infamous Crimes |
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160 | (3) |
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163 | (1) |
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Jeopardy at Pretrial Proceedings |
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164 | (1) |
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Concurrent and Overlapping Jurisdictions |
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164 | (1) |
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Subsequent Prosecution Following Mistrial |
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165 | (3) |
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Subsequent Prosecution Following Acquittal |
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168 | (1) |
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Reprosecution Following Conviction |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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Double Jeopardy and ``the Same Offense'' |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (5) |
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177 | (1) |
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Application of the Privilege: Corporations and Non-Human Legal Entities |
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178 | (1) |
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Application of the Privilege: Persons |
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178 | (1) |
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The Power to Compel Testimony and Disclosure: Immunity |
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179 | (2) |
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Required Records Doctrine |
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181 | (2) |
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Confessions and Police Interrogation: Initial Application of Due Process |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (7) |
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Self-Incrimination: From Voluntariness Standard to Miranda |
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191 | (1) |
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Miranda v. Arizona: The Case |
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192 | (2) |
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Other Interpretations of Miranda |
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194 | (3) |
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Assertion of the Rights and Application of the Warnings |
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197 | (3) |
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Procedure in the Trial Courts |
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200 | (5) |
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Due Process under the Fifth Amendment |
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History of the Protection |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (5) |
| Section Six: Sixth Amendment---Rights of Accused in Criminal Prosecutions |
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213 | (1) |
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Right to a Speedy and Public Trial |
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213 | (3) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (3) |
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Right to Trial by Impartial Jury |
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219 | (1) |
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The Attributes of the Jury |
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219 | (1) |
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Criminal Proceedings to Which the Guarantee Applies |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (5) |
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Place of Trial: Selecting a Jury of the Vicinage |
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226 | (3) |
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Right of Notification and Confrontation |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (3) |
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233 | (2) |
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Development of an Absolute Right to Counsel at Trial |
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235 | (2) |
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Protection of the Right to Retained Counsel |
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237 | (1) |
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Effective Assistance of Counsel |
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238 | (1) |
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Right to Self-Representation |
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238 | (1) |
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Right to Assistance of Counsel in Nontrial Situations |
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239 | (7) |
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Judicial Proceedings before Trial |
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239 | (1) |
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Pre-Charge Issues: Custodial Interrogation |
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240 | (4) |
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Lineups and Other Identification Situations |
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244 | (2) |
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Post-Conviction Proceedings |
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246 | (1) |
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Noncriminal and Investigatory Proceedings |
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246 | (5) |
| Section Seven: Eighth Amendment---Further Guarantees in Criminal Cases |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (6) |
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Cruel and Unusual Punishments |
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257 | (1) |
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Standards for Cruel and Unusual Punishment |
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257 | (1) |
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Interpretation of the Amendment |
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258 | (1) |
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Defining ``Cruel and Unusual Punishments'' |
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258 | (2) |
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Specific Issues in Capital Punishment |
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260 | (8) |
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Capital Punishment for Other Offenses: Rape and Non-Murder Cases |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (6) |
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Other Issues under the Eighth Amendment |
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Convictions Based on Status |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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Limitation of the Clause to Criminal Punishments |
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277 | (4) |
| Section Eight: Fourteenth Amendment---Due Process and Equal Protection |
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The Development of Substantive Due Process |
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281 | (2) |
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Police Power Defined and Limited |
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283 | (1) |
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Health, Safety, and Morals |
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283 | (4) |
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287 | (1) |
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The Elements of Due Process: Definiteness |
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287 | (2) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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Criminal Identification Process |
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291 | (1) |
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Initiation of the Prosecution |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (4) |
| Appendix A The Constitution of the United States of America |
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299 | (12) |
| Appendix B Amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America |
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311 | (10) |
| Case Listing |
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321 | (4) |
| Index |
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